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Fetal Aneuploidy Screening Mastery

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The Echogenic Intracardiac Focus (EIF)

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Master the identification of the echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF). Students will learn to recognize this bright spot within the fetal heart, typically in the left ventricle, and understand its role as a minor soft marker for Trisomy 21.

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Complete this lesson and pass the quiz to earn 10 Karma Points and move one step closer to your Fetal Aneuploidy Screening Mastery Certification.

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1. What is the reported prevalence of Echogenic Intracardiac Focus (EIF) in healthy fetuses during second-trimester sonography?
<1% 3–4% 10–12% 20–25%
2. What is the pathological basis of an Echogenic Intracardiac Focus?
Calcification of the aortic valve Intracardiac tumor Mineralization of papillary muscles or intramyocardial calcifications Ventricular septal defect
3. In a low-risk population with an isolated EIF, what is the association with cardiac abnormalities?
High risk of structural heart disease Moderate risk requiring fetal echocardiography No link to cardiac abnormalities Always requires postnatal cardiology referral
4. Compared to white patients, Asian patients are how many times more likely to have an EIF?
Twice as likely Three times as likely Five times as likely Equal likelihood
5. In which cardiac view is EIF most clearly visualized and least likely to disappear?
Subcostal four-chamber view Transverse aortic arch view Apical four-chamber view Three-vessel trachea view
6. Which EIF characteristic raises the likelihood of aneuploidy compared to a single left-sided focus?
Any EIF in the left ventricle EIF seen only on apical view Multiple, large, or right/bilateral ventricular EIF EIF disappearing on rotation
7. EIF has a proven literature association with which chromosomal aneuploidies?
Trisomy 18 and Turner syndrome Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 13 Trisomy 21 only Trisomy 13 and 45,X
8. In a low-risk patient with an isolated EIF and no other sonographic abnormalities, what is the recommended management?
Offer amniocentesis Refer for fetal karyotyping No additional testing required Repeat scan in 4 weeks