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Essentials of Fetal Biometry

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The Second Trimester Measurements

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Covers the pivotal biometric parameters of the second trimester: BPD, HC, AC, and FL. Students will learn the clinical standards for accurate dating and how these measurements serve as a baseline for monitoring fetal development through the mid-pregnancy window.

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1. Which structures must be visible to confirm the correct plane for measuring BPD?
Cerebellum & cisterna magna Thalami & cavum septi pellucidi Lateral ventricles & choroid plexus Orbits & falx cerebri
2. When placing calipers for BPD, the correct technique is:
Inner edge to inner edge Outer edge to outer edge Outer edge of proximal bone → inner edge of distal bone Inner edge of proximal bone → outer edge of distal bone
3. BPD is primarily used in second trimester assessment for:
Detecting cardiac anomalies Estimating gestational age & assessing brain development Evaluating placental position Screening for chromosomal defects
4. Head Circumference (HC) is measured using which tool, and in which plane?
Linear calipers in the coronal plane Ellipse tool in the transthalamic plane Linear calipers in the transthalamic plane Ellipse tool in the transcerebellar plane
5. Why is HC considered complementary to BPD rather than redundant?
It measures a different plane It is unaffected by head shape variations It reflects abdominal growth It directly measures brain volume
6. For a valid AC measurement, the transverse abdominal plane must include which two landmarks?
Kidneys & spine Stomach bubble & umbilical vein junction Bladder & renal pelvis Aorta & inferior vena cava
7. AC is considered the most sensitive biometry parameter for detecting:
Neural tube defects Cardiac malformations Fetal growth restriction Skeletal dysplasia
8. When measuring Femur Length (FL), what should be included and what must be excluded?
Include femoral head; exclude diaphysis Include ossified diaphysis only; exclude epiphyses Include all ossified structures Include the epiphysis for a full bone length
9. What is the primary purpose of measuring Biparietal Diameter (BPD)?
To evaluate fetal skeletal development To estimate gestational age and monitor fetal head growth To assess fetal abdominal growth To confirm the position of the fetus
10. The measurement of Head Circumference (HC) is used to evaluate fetal skeletal maturity.
True False
11. Femur Length (FL) is an important parameter for estimating gestational age and assessing skeletal development.
True False
12. Which of the following is the correct guideline for measuring Head Circumference (HC)?
Measure the widest transverse diameter of the head Trace the outer perimeter of the fetal skull in the axial plane Place calipers on the sagittal plane of the fetal head Measure the distance between the forehead and the back of the head
13. Biparietal Diameter (BPD) and Femur Length (FL) together provide a comprehensive assessment of fetal skeletal development.
True False