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First Trimester Ultrasound Fundamentals

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Introduction to First Trimester Ultrasound

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1. The first trimester for obstetric ultrasound evaluation extends up to which gestational age?
12+0 weeks 13+6 week 4+0 weeks 10+6 weeks
2. Which of the following is a key component of first-trimester chromosomal screening guided by ultrasound?
Amniotic fluid index Biophysical profile Nuchal translucency measurement Fetal lung maturity assessment
3. A patient presents with an irregular menstrual cycle and uncertain last menstrual period. What is the primary indication for first-trimester ultrasound in this case?
To confirm fetal sex To assess uterine fibroids To establish accurate gestational dating To evaluate for placenta previa
4. Which of the following is a recognized limitation of the transabdominal (TA) ultrasound approach in early pregnancy?
It is invasive It provides a limited field of view It offers lower image resolution It cannot detect embryonic cardiac activity at any stage
5. For optimal visualization of embryonic structures between 5–10 weeks, which approach is preferred due to superior resolution?
Transabdominal Transvaginal Transrectal Translabial
6. Structures are not adequately visualized during an initial transabdominal scan at 7 weeks. What is the recommended next step?
Increase transducer frequency for the TA probe Reschedule the scan for a later gestational age Perform a Doppler flow Switch to transvaginal ultrasound
7. What is the recommended frequency range for transvaginal transducers used in first-trimester ultrasound?
1–3 MHz 3–5 MHz 5–10 MHz 10–15 MHz
8. When Doppler is used in the first trimester, what is the recommended safety measure to reduce potential thermal bioeffects?
Increase power output for faster acquisition Use pulsed Doppler for all cardiac assessments Minimize Doppler use and use M-mode to assess fetal heart rate Apply color Doppler continuously throughout the scan
9. What patient preparation is recommended before a transabdominal first-trimester ultrasound to improve visualization of pelvic organs?
Empty bladder Fasting for 8 hours Full bladder Fluid restriction for 4 hours
10. Which sonographic sign confirms a true intrauterine gestational sac and differentiates it from a pseudo gestational sac seen in ectopic pregnancy?
Corpus luteum cyst Yolk sac visualization Double decidual sign Subchorionic hematoma